Miscellaneous

Blood

Adrenergic and vasopressinergic contributions to the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxaemia in the llama fetus - Giussani - 1999 - The Journal of Physiology - Wiley Online Library. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.233ad.x/full

Cardiac-gated computed tomography angiography in three alpacas with complex congenital heart disease. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26803197

Aba, M. A., J. Sumar, H. Kindahl, M. Forsberg & L. E. Edqvist (1998) Plasma concentrations of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2α, progesterone, oestrone sulphate, oestradiol-17β and cortisol during late gestation, parturition and the early postpartum period in llamas and alpacas. Animal Reproduction Science, 50, 111-121.

Abal, M. A., M. Ghezzi, M. Quiroga, H. Solana & N. Auza (1996) Concentrations of progesterone during storage of whole blood from llama (Lama glama): effects of anticoagulants, storage time and temperature. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 37, 123-125.

Abdouslam, O. E., S. A. Al-Izzi, L. S. Al-Bassam & S. M. Azwai (2003) Effect of anthelmintic treatment on haematological and coagulation parameters in llamas (Lama glama) infected with gastrointestinal parasites. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 10, 149-152.

Adam, C. L., C. E. Moir & P. Shiach (1989) Plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant llamas (Lama glama). Veterinary Record, 125, 618-620.

Adams, G. P. & M. H. Ratto (2013) Ovulation-inducing factor in seminal plasma: a review. Animal Reproduction Science, 136, 148-156.

Adams, G. P., M. H. Ratto, W. Huanca & S. Jaswant (2005) Ovulation-inducing factor in the seminal plasma of alpacas and llamas. Biology of Reproduction, 73, 452-457.

Adams, G. P., M. H. Ratto, M. E. Silva & R. A. Carrasco (2016) Ovulation-inducing factor (OIF/NGF) in seminal plasma: a review and update. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 51, 4-17.

Al-Ani, F. K., W. A. R. A. Al-Azzawi, M. S. Jermukly & K. K. Razzaq (1992) Studies on some haematological parameters of camel and llama in Iraq. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 40, 103-106.

Al-Bassam, L. S., S. M. Azwai, O. E. Abdouslam, S. A. Al-lzzi & A. M. Al-Dawek (2007) Effect of season on haematological parameters in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama) raised in Libya. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 14, 187-190.

Alejandro Himelfarb, M., A. Matias Lorenzutti, N. Javier Litterio, M. d. Pilar Zarazaga, M. S. Aguilar-Sola, J. J. d. Lucas, M. Ignacio San Andrés & S. Rubio-Langre (2017) Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis by Monte Carlo simulation of cefquinome in llamas, following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in serum and tissue cage fluid. Small Ruminant Research, 149, 134-140.

Al-Izzi, S. A., O. E. Abdouslam, L. S. Al-Bassam & S. M. Azwai (2004) Haematological parameters in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama). Praxis Veterinaria (Zagreb), 52, 225-232.

Anderson, D. E., T. Grubb & F. Silveira (1999) The effect of short duration transportation on serum cortisol response in alpacas (Llama pacos). Veterinary Journal, 157, 189-191.

Anderson, D. E., F. Silveira & T. Grubb (1999) Effects of venipuncture and correlation of plasma, serum and saliva cortisol concentration with transportation stress in camelids. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 6, 249-254.

------------2004. Effects of venipuncture and correlation of plasma, serum and saliva cortisol concentration with transportation stress in camelids. 160-168. Bikaner: The Camelid Publishers.

Andreasen, C. B., E. G. Pearson, B. B. Smith, T. C. Gerros & E. D. Lassen (1998) Normal reference intervals and the effects of time and feeding on serum bile acid concentrations in llamas. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 10, 174-178.

Araya, A. V., I. Atwater, M. A. Navia & S. Jeffs (2000) Evaluation of insulin resistance in two kinds of South American camelids: llamas and alpacas. Comparative Medicine, 50, 490-494.

Azwai, S. M., O. E. Abdouslam, L. S. Al-Bassam, A. M. Al-Dawek & S. A. L. Al-Izzi (2007) Morphological characteristics of blood cells in clinically normal adult llamas (Lama glama). Veterinarski Arhiv, 77, 69-79.

Circulation

Bastres, M. C., N. Sakabe, J. Yasuda & K. Too (1989) Electrocardiogram studies in llamas. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 37, 85-95.

Bechert, U. S. & B. B. Smith (1996) Serum macro and micro element concentrations in the llama. Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, 3, 119-127.

Bravo, P. W., J. Garnica & M. E. Fowler (1997) Immunoglobulin G concentrations in periparturient llamas, alpacas and their crias. Small Ruminant Research, 26, 145-149.

Burri, I. H., P. Tschudi, J. Martig, A. Liesegang & M. Meylan (2005) South American camelids in Switzerland. II. Reference values for blood parameters. SAT, Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 147, 335-343.

Butt, T. D., D. G. MacDonald & W. H. Crawford (2001) Persistent right aortic arch in a mature Ilama. Veterinary Record, 148, 118-119.

Campo, M. R. D., C. H.Dd. Campo & O. J. Ginther (1996) Vascular provisions for a local utero-ovarian cross-over pathway in New World camelids. Theriogenology, 46, 983-991.

Candia A, M., M. E. Rodriguez R & E. Orellana G (1986) Haematological study on llamas in the I region of Chile. IDESIA, 10, 35-37.

Carney, K. R., E. C. McKenzie, C. A. Mosley & M. E. Payton (2011) Evaluation of the effect of hetastarch and lactated Ringer's solution on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in healthy llamas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 238, 768-772.

Cavilla, M. V., C. P. Bianchi & M. A. Aba (2010) Oestradiol-17β plasma concentrations after intramuscular injection of oestradiol benzoate or oestradiol cypionate in llamas (Lama glama). Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 52, (11 February 2010).

Cebra, C. K. (2000) Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and hyperosmolarity in 6 neonatal llamas and alpacas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217, 1701-1704.

--------- (2009) Disorders of carbohydrate or lipid metabolism in camelids. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice, 25, 339-352.

Cebra, C. K. & S. J. Tornquist (2004) Assessment of the effects of epinephrine and insulin on plasma and serum biochemical variables in llamas and alpacas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 1692-1696.

--------- (2005) Evaluation of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in llama crias. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 66, 1013-1017.

Cebra, C. K., S. J. Tornquist, R. M. Jester & C. Stelletta (2004) Assessment of the effects of feed restriction and amino acid supplementation on glucose tolerance in llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 996-1001.

--------- (2004) Assessment of the metabolic effects of hydrocortisone on llamas before and after feed restriction. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 1002-1005.

Cebra, C. K., S. J. Tornquist, R. J. v. Saun & B. B. Smith (2001) Glucose tolerance testing in llamas and alpacas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 62, 682-686.

Chiodi, H. (1971) Comparative study of the blood gas transport in high altitude and sea level Camelidae and goats. Respiration Physiology, 11, 84-93.

Cockcroft, P. D., I. Mackie, J. Perry, C. Caraguel, K. Townsend & M. P. Reichel (2016) Cross-sectional observational survey of serum biochemistry values in a population of 69 adult female alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in South Australia. Aust Vet J, 94, 125-6.

Dart, A. J., H. Kinde, D. R. Hodgson, J. R. Peauroi, A. W. Selby, J. Maas & M. E. Fowler (1996) Serum α-tocopherol, vitamin A, and blood selenium concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase activity in llamas fed alfalfa hay. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 689-692.

Davies, H. L., T. F. Robinson, B. L. Roeder, M. E. Sharp, N. P. Johnston, A. C. Christensen & G. B. Schaalje (2007) Digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood metabolites in llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (lama pacos) fed barley or barley alfalfa diets. Small Ruminant Research, 73, 1-7.

Davis, W. C., K. Drbal, A. E. A. E. Mosaad, A. R. M. Elbagory, A. Tibary, G. M. Barrington, Y. Park & M. J. Hamilton (2007) Use of flow cytometry to identify monoclonal antibodies that recognize conserved epitopes on orthologous leukocyte differentiation antigens in goats, lamas, and rabbits. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 119, 123-130.

Davis, W. C., L. R. Heirman, M. J. Hamilton, S. M. Parish, G. M. Barrington, A. Loftis & M. Rogers (2000) Flow cytometric analysis of an immunodeficiency disorder affecting juvenile llamas. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 74, 103-120.

Drew, M. L. & M. E. Fowler (1995) Comparison of methods for measuring serum immunoglobulin concentrations in neonatal llamas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 206, 1374-1380.

Dubey, J. P., T. K. Newell, S. K. Verma, R. Calero-Bernal & E. L. Stevens (2014) Toxoplasma gondii infection in Llama (Llama glama): acute visceral disseminated lesions, diagnosis, and development of tissue cysts. Journal of Parasitology, 100, 288-294.

-----------(2016) Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Llama (Llama glama): Acute Visceral Disseminated Lesions, Diagnosis, and Development of Tissue Cysts. Journal of parasitology.

Duke, T., C. M. Egger, J. G. Ferguson & M. M. Frketic (1997) Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol infusion in llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 58, 153-156.

Duncanson, G. R. 2012. Medicine and surgery of the respiratory and circulatory systems. 112-120.

Firshman, A. M., C. K. Cebra, B. J. Schanbacher & E. R. Seaquist (2013) Evaluation of insulin secretion and action in New World camelids. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74, 96-101.

Foster, A., C. Bidewell, J. Barnett & R. Sayers (2009) Haematology and biochemistry in alpacas and llamas. In Practice, 31, 276-281.

Fowler, M. E. 1990. Hypophosphatemia in llamas and alpacas. 20-24. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine.

Fowler, M. E. & J. G. Zinkl (1989) Reference ranges for hematologic and serum biochemical values in llamas (Lama glama). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 2049-2053.

Galotta, D. R. & J. M. Galotta (1987) Arteriovenous system of the lama stomach. Revista de Ciéncias Agrárias, 8, 27-33.

Gauly, M. 1997. Seasonal changes in semen characters and serum concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol-17β, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in male llamas (Lama glama) in Central Europe. 163 pp.: Justus-Liebig-Universität, Fachbereich Veterinarmedizin, Giessen.

Gauly, M., G. Erhardt & V. Dzapo. 2004. Annual changes in serum levels of thyroid hormones in male llamas (Lama glama) and their correlation with reproduction parameters. 186-194. Bikaner: The Camelid Publishers.

Gentz, E. J., E. G. Pearson, E. D. Lassen, S. P. Snyder & E. Sharpnack (1994) Polycythemia in a llama. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 204, 1490-1492.

Gilbert, R. M., K. E. Bird & M. A. Kutzler (2009) Platelet aggregation responses in clinically healthy adult llamas. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 38, 42-45.

Giuliano, S., M. Carretero, M. Gambarotta, D. Neild, V. Trasorras, M. Pinto & M. Miragaya (2010) Improvement of llama (Lama glama) seminal characteristics using collagenase. Animal Reproduction Science, 118, 98-102.

Giussani, D. A., R. A. Riquelme, C. R. Gaete, F. A. Moraga, E. M. Sanhueza, M. A. Hanson & J. A. Llanos (1993) Rapid, intense peripheral vasoconstriction in the llama fetus in utero during acute hypoxaemia at 0.6-0.7 of gestation. Journal of Physiology, 473, 64P.

Giussani, D. A., R. A. Riquelme, E. M. Sanhueza, M. A. Hanson, C. E. Blanco & A. J. Llanos (1999) Adrenergic and vasopressinergic contributions to the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxaemia in the llama fetus. Journal of Physiology, 515, 233-241.

González, M. J., D. M. Lombardo, G. A. Delhon & I. V. Lawzewitsch (1998) Determination of haematological parameters in three species of South American camelids in captivity. Veterinaria Argentina, 15, 102-108.

Grabkowski, M. & B. Rutkowiak (1989) Blood values of guanacos, llamas, Cameroon goats and buffaloes in a zoo. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 45, 349-352.

Graziotti, G. H., J. M. Rodríguez Menéndez, C. M. Ríos & C. L. Victorica (2007) Distribution of the internal pudendal artery in male and female llama (Lama glama). Annals of Anatomy, 189, 295-298.

Grint, N. & A. Dugdale (2009) Brightness of venous blood in South American camelids: implications for jugular catheterization. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 36, 63-66.

Guimaraes, A. M. S., B. Toth, A. P. Santos, N. C. d. Nascimento, J. E. Kritchevsky & J. B. Messick (2012) Genome sequence of "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae" strain Purdue, a red blood cell pathogen of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas (Lama glama). Journal of Bacteriology, 194, 6312-6313.

Hamir, A. N., K. I. Timm & B. B. Smith (2000) Thrombosis of the splenic vein in llamas (Lama glama). Veterinary Record, 146, 226-228.

Harrison, R. A., S. S. Hasson, M. Harmsen, G. D. Laing, K. Conrath & R. D. G. Theakston (2006) Neutralisation of venom-induced haemorrhage by IgG from camels and llamas immunised with viper venom and also by endogenous, non-IgG components in camelid sera. Toxicon, 47, 364-368.

Hawkins, I. K., M. Ilha, E. Anis & R. P. Wilkes (2017) Septicemia and meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in two neonatal llamas. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 29, 700-703.

Heath, D., P. Smith, D. Williams, P. Harris, J. Arias-Stella & H. KrÃ¼ger (1974) The heart and pulmonary vasculature of the llama (Lama glama). Thorax, 29, 463-471.

Herdt, T. H. (1995) Blood serum concentrations of selenium in female llamas (Lama glama) in relationship to feeding practices, region of United States, reproductive stage, and health of offspring. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 337-344.

Herrera, E. A., R. V. Reyes, D. A. Giussani, R. A. Riquelme, E. M. Sanhueza, G. Ebensperger, P. Casanello, N. Méndez, R. Ebensperger, E. Sepúlveda-Kattan, V. M. Pulgar, G. Cabello, C. E. Blanco, M. A. Hanson, J. T. Parer & A. J. Llanos (2008) Carbon monoxide: a novel pulmonary artery vasodilator in neonatal llamas of the Andean altiplano. Cardiovascular Research, 77, 197-201.

Hilbe, M., C. Kaufmann, K. Zlinszky, P. Zanolari & F. Ehrensperger (2012) New World camelids and Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in Switzerland. SAT, Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 154, 155-158.

Hilbe, M., N. Robert, A. Pospischil & C. Gerspach (2015) Pulmonary arterial lesions in New World camelids in association with Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica infection. Veterinary Pathology, 52, 1202-1209.

Hoogmoed, L. M. v., F. A. Harmon & J. Snyder (2003) Microvascular anatomy of the third compartment of the stomach of llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 64, 346-350.

Hünigen, H., E. Butendieck & R. Berg (2001) Capillarisation of the myocardium of lama (Lama glama). Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 114, 117-120.

Hunter, R. P., R. Isaza, D. E. Koch, C. C. Dodd & M. A. Goately (2004) Moxidectin plasma concentrations following topical administration to llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Lama pacos). Small Ruminant Research, 52, 275-279.

Husakova, T., L. Pavlata, A. Pechova, K. Hauptmanova & L. Tichy (2014) Assessment of selenium status in alpaca. Small Ruminant Research, 117, 176-182.

Hutchinson, J. M., M. D. Salman, F. B. Garry, S. W. Johnson, J. K. Collins & T. J. Keefe (1995) Comparison of two commercially available single radial immunodiffusion kits for quantitation of llama immunoglobulin G. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 7, 515-519.

Hutchison, J. M., M. D. Salman, F. B. Garry, L. W. Johnson & T. J. Keefe (1998) Characterization of plasma immunoglobulin G concentrations of llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59, 406-409.

Johnston, N. A., S. M. Parish, J. W. Tyler & C. B. Tillman (1997) Evaluation of serum γ-glutamyltransferase activity as a predictor of passive transfer status in crias. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 211, 1165-1166.

Juneja, R. K., M. C. T. Penedo, H. E. B. Larsson, B. Gahne & A. T. Bowling (1989) Two-dimensional electrophoresis of the plasma proteins of alpacas and llamas: genetic polymorphism of α1B-glycoprotein and three other proteins. Animal Genetics, 19, 395-406.

Jürgens, K. D., M. Pietschmann, K. Yamaguchi & T. Kleinschmidt (1988) Oxygen binding properties, capillary densities and heart weights in high altitude camelids. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 158, 469-477.

Kaufmann, C., M. L. Meli, R. Hofmann-Lehmann & P. Zanolari (2010) First detection of "Candidatus mycoplasma haemolamae" in South American Camelids of Switzerland and evaluation of prevalence. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 123, 477-481.

Kiełtyka-Kurc, A., H. Frąckowiak, M. Zdun, M. Nabzdyk, K. Kowalczyk & M. Tołkacz (2014) The arteries on the base of the brain in the camelids (Camelidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 81, 215-220.

Kraus, M. S., C. A. Calvert, A. W. Spier, K. M. Meurs & D. E. Anderson (2004) Determination of electrocardiographic parameters in healthy llamas and alpacas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 1719-1723.

Kreil, V., A. P. Prados, L. Ambros, A. Monfrinotti, P. Quaine, R. Hallu & M. Rebuelto (2014) Comparative pharmacokinetics of a single dose of ampicillin following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to llamas. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 46, 271-276.

Kreil, V. E., L. Ambros, L. Montoya, R. Hallu, M. Rebuelto & G. Bramuglia (2012) Pharmacokinetics of sodium and trihydrate amoxicillin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in llamas (Lama glama). Small Ruminant Research, 102, 208-212.

Kreuder, A. J., J. F. Coetzee, L. W. Wulf, J. A. Schleining, B. KuKanich, L. L. Layman & P. J. Plummer (2012) Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas. BMC Veterinary Research, 8, (21 June 2012).

Lassen, E. D., E. G. Pearson, P. Long, W. B. Schmotzer, A. J. Kaneps & T. W. Riebold (1986) Clinical biochemical values of llamas: reference values. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47, 2278-2280.

Ledesma, M. M., A. M. Díaz, C. Barberis, C. Vay, M. A. Manghi, J. Leoni, M. S. Castro & A. Ferrari (2017) Identification of Lama glama as reservoirs for Acinetobacter lwoffii. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 278.

Llanos, A. J., R. A. Riquelme, F. A. Moraga, G. Cabello & J. T. Parer (1995) Cardiovascular responses to graded degrees of hypoxaemia for the llama fetus. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 7, 549-552.

Llanos, A. J., R. A. Riquelme, E. M. Sanhueza, E. Herrera, G. Cabello, D. A. Giussani & J. T. Parer (2002) Regional brain blood flow and cerebral hemispheric oxygen consumption during acute hypoxaemia in the llama fetus. Journal of Physiology, 538, 975-983.

López, V., F. A. Moraga, A. J. Llanos, G. Ebensperger, M. I. Taborda & E. Uribe (2018) Plasmatic concentrations of ADMA and homocystein in llama (Lama glama) and regulation of arginase type II: an animal resistent to the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 606.

McLaughlin, B. G., C. N. Evans & R. L. Colton (1993) Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations in neonatal llamas. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5, 208-211.

Middleton, J. R. (1999) Haematology of South American Camelidae. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 6, 153-158.

--------- 2004. Haematology of South American camelidae. 400-408. Bikaner: The Camelid Publishers.

--------- 2007. Camelid brain-teasers: a case-based approach. 301-303. Lakewood: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Moir, C. E., P. Young & C. L. Adam (1990) Plasma progesterone concentrations in llamas. Veterinary Record, 126, 561.

Moraga, F., C. Monge, R. Riquelme & A. J. Llanos (1996) Fetal and maternal blood oxygen affinity: a comparative study in llamas and sheep. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Physiology, 115, 111-115.

Morin, D. E., F. B. Garry & M. G. Weiser (1993) Hematologic responses in llamas with experimentally-induced iron deficiency anemia. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 22, 81-86.

Morin, D. E., F. B. Garry, M. G. Weiser, M. J. Fettman & L. W. Johnson (1992) Hematological features of iron deficiency anaemia in llamas. Veterinary Pathology, 29, 400-404.

Müller, K. 2015. Anaemia and weight-loss in South American camelids. 39-42. Loughborough: British Veterinary Zoological Society.

Mulrooney, D. M., M. R. Johnson, B. B. Smith & G. L. Zimmerman (1989) Clinical reference values for serum protein electrophoresis for the llama (Lama glama). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 1889-1892.

Nagy, D. W., J. Lakritz, J. W. Tyler, J. Jarboe, C. M. Loiacono & M. F. Haddad (2002) The treatment of suspected cerebrospinal nematodiasis with moxidectin in 3 llamas (Llama glama). Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 9, 145-149.

Navarre, C. B., W. R. Ravis, R. Nagilla, A. Simpkins, S. H. Duran & D. G. Pugh (2001) Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in llamas following single intravenous and oral doses. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 24, 227-231.

Niedzacute˜wiedzka-Rystwej, P. & W. Deptuła (2011) Haematological and biochemical factors in selected species of reptiles, rodents and animals from artiodactyls order. Advances in Agricultural Sciences, 14, 45-51.

Nielsen, M. O., E. Tejada, V. G. Christensen & L. Nielsen. 2010. Adaptive metabolic responses in sheep, goats and llama when fed grass based diets differing in protein content. 507-508. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.

Patitucci, A. N., M. J. Pérez, G. Barril, C. M. Cárcamo & A. Muñoz (2006) Serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in llamas and alpacas from Chile. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 38, 179-182.

Pearson, E. G., A. M. Craig & E. D. Lassen (1986) Suspected chlorpyrifos toxicosis in a llama, and plasma pseudocholinesterase activity in llamas given chlorpyrifos. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 189, 1062-1064.

Penedo, M. C. T., M. E. Fowler, A. T. Bowling, D. L. Anderson & L. Gordon (1988) Genetic variation in the blood of llamas, Lama glama, and alpacas, Lama pacos. Animal Genetics, 19, 267-276.

Penedo, M. C. T. & R. K. Juneja (1989) Polymorphic plasma postalbumin (Po) of llamas and alpacas. Animal Genetics, 20, 221-223.

Pentecost, R. L., A. J. Niehaus, N. A. Werle & J. Lakritz (2013) Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas. Research in Veterinary Science, 95, 594-599.

Pessatti, M. V., E. Udia, M. V. Blanco & F. Diego (2001) Clinical examination of llamas. Obiettivi e Documenti Veterinari, 22, 63-66.

Quesada, R. J., M. E. Gorman, C. K. Cebra, C. Verdugo & C. A. Mosley (2011) Direct colloid osmometry in healthy New World camelids. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 40, 248-252.

Rahn-Chique, K., N. Carrion & M. Murillo (2012) Determination of copper, magnesium and zinc in mononuclear leukocytes by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Investigación Clínica, 53, 342-352.

Ratto, M. H., C. Ulloa-Leal, M. Silva, A. Fernandez & X. P. Valderrama (2016) Luteotrophic effect of OIF/NGF in llamas. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 24, 101-106.

Reagan, W. J., T. G. Sanders & D. B. DeNicola. 1997. Veterinary hematology atlas of common domestic species. Ames: Iowa State University Press.

Riquelme, R. A., G. Sánchez, L. Liberona, E. M. Sanhueza, D. A. Giussani, C. E. Blanco, M. A. Hanson & A. J. Llanos (2002) Nitric oxide plays a role in the regulation of adrenal blood flow and adrenocorticomedullary functions in the llama fetus. Journal of Physiology, 544, 267-276.

Robinson, T. F. & B. L. Roeder (2014) Serum and urine analyte comparison between llamas and alpacas fed three forages. Scientific Journal of Animal Science, 3, 275-283.

Rotman, M., M. M. Welling, M. L. van den Boogaard, L. G. Moursel, L. M. van der Graaf, M. A. van Buchem, S. M. van der Maarel & L. van der Weerd (2015) Fusion of hIgG1-Fc to 111In-anti-amyloid single domain antibody fragment VHH-pa2H prolongs blood residential time in APP/PS1 mice but does not increase brain uptake. Nucl Med Biol, 42, 695-702.

Saalmüller, A. & B. Aasted (2007) Papers from the animal homologue section of "Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen 8-workshop" (HLDA8), Adelaide, Australia, December 2004. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 119, vii + 170 pp.

Saccodossi, N., E. A. d. Simone & J. Leoni (2012) Structural analysis of effector functions related motifs, complement activation and hemagglutinating activities in Lama glama heavy chain antibodies. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 145, 323-331.

Sanhueza, E. M., R. A. Riquelme, E. A. Herrera, D. A. Giussani, C. E. Blanco, M. A. Hanson & A. J. Llanos (2005) Vasodilator tone in the llama fetus: the role of nitric oxide during normoxemia and hypoxemia. American Journal of Physiology, 289, R776-R783.

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