Heart

Alstine, W. G.  & I. Mitsui (2010) Sudden death associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an alpaca (Llama pacos). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 22, 448-450.

Boon, J. A., A. P. Knight & D. H. Moore (1994) Llama cardiology. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice, 10, 353-370.

Corapi, W. V., K. B. Eden, J. F. Edwards & K. F. Snowden (2015) Heterobilharzia americana infection and congestive heart failure in a llama (Lama glama). Veterinary Pathology, 52, 562-565.

Cueva, S. & H. Sillau (1972) [Relative weights of the right ventricle of the heart in alpacas and llamas at high altitude and at sea level]. Revista de Investigacioes Pecuarias, Peru, 1, 145-149.

Lucas, J. R., M. Barrios-Arpi, J. Rodríguez, S. Balcázar-Nakamatsu, J. Zarria, G. Namiyama, N. Taniwaki & O. Gonzales-Viera (2019) Ultrastructural description of Sarcocystis sp. in cardiac muscle of naturally infected alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 14, 174-179.

Margiocco, M. L., B. A. Scansen & J. D. Bonagura (2009) Camelid cardiology. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice, 25, 423-454.

Middleton, J. R., M. Chigerwe, D. M. Fine, J. R. Turk & J. C. Lattimer (2006) Pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure in an adult llama with hepatic disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228, 756-759.

--------- (2006) Pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure in an adult llama with hepatic disease

10.2460/javma.228.5.756. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 228, 756-9.

Miller, P. D., A. F. Alexander, J. L. Lebel & N. Banchero (1972) Iatrogenic myocardial infarction and mitral valve insufficiency in a llama (Lama glama). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 33, 639-647.

Stieger-Vanegas, S. M., K. F. Scollan, L. Meadows, D. Sisson & J. Schlipf (2016) Cardiac-gated computed tomography angiography in three alpacas with complex congenital heart disease. J Vet Cardiol, 18, 88-98.

Will, J. A. & G. E. Bisgard (1972) Cardiac catheterization of unanesthetized large domestic animals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 33, 400-401.

Last Updated: 16.01.2020

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