Injecting

Amstel, S. R. v., A. B. Portmann, T. J. Doherty, S. J. Newman, J. W. Yarbrough & S. Cox (2009) Ivermectin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous administration to healthy llamas. Journal of Camelid Science, 2, 41-49.

Anderson, D. E. (2013) Sedation and tranquilization. 35-38. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Carroll, G. L., D. M. Boothe, S. M. Hartsfield, E. A. Martinez, A. C. Spann & A. Hernandez (2001) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol in llamas after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 219, 1263-1267.

Cavilla, M. V., C. P. Bianchi & M. A. Aba (2010) Oestradiol-17β plasma concentrations after intramuscular injection of oestradiol benzoate or oestradiol cypionate in llamas (Lama glama). Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 52, (11 February 2010).

Cocquyt, C. M., S. Van Amstel, S. Cox, B. Rohrbach & T. MartÃn-Jiménez (2016) Pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas following administration of an oral or subcutaneous formulation. Res Vet Sci, 105, 160-4.

Cox, S., T. Martin-Jimenez, S. v. Amstel & T. Doherty (2011) Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular tramadol in llamas. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34, 259-264.

Drew, M. L., L. Johnson, D. Pugh, C. B. Navarre, I. T. Taylor & A. L. Craigmill (2004) Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in llamas and alpacas. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27, 13-20.

DuBois, W. R., T. M. Prado, J. C. H. Ko, R. E. Mandsager & G. L. Morgan (2004) A comparison of two intramuscular doses of xylazine-ketamine combination and tolazoline reversal in llamas. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 31, 90-96.

Gillespie, R. A. M., L. H. Williamson, T. H. Terrill & R. M. Kaplan (2010) Efficacy of anthelmintics on South American camelid (llama and alpaca) farms in Georgia. Veterinary Parasitology, 172, 168-171.

Grambow, H. J. & D. Timm (1973) [Use of the Steriven catheter for continuous intravenous infusion in cattle]. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 80, 568-571.

Jones, M. L. (2013) Injections - subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID), intravenous (IV). 29-32. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Junkins, K., D. M. Boothe, J. Jensen, T. Herzog & J. Chatfield (2003) Disposition of sulfadimethoxine in male llamas (Llama glama) after single intravenous and oral administrations. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 34, 9-15.

Kreil, V., A. P. Prados, L. Ambros, A. Monfrinotti, P. Quaine, R. Hallu & M. Rebuelto (2014) Comparative pharmacokinetics of a single dose of ampicillin following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to llamas. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 46, 271-276.

Kreil, V. E., L. Ambros, L. Montoya, R. Hallu, M. Rebuelto & G. Bramuglia (2012) Pharmacokinetics of sodium and trihydrate amoxicillin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in llamas (Lama glama). Small Ruminant Research, 102, 208-212.

Lackey, M. N., E. B. Belknap, D. S. Greco & M. J. Fettman (1996) Single intravenous and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in healthy llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 1193-1199.

Lakritz, J., J. R. Middleton, D. E. Anderson, D. R. Linden, R. A. Sams, R. K. Tessman & J. W. Tyler (2006) Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered caffeine in healthy alpacas (Lama pacos) and llamas (Lama glama). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67, 1063-1069.

Llamas, A. (2010) Fluid administration. Argos - Informativo Veterinario, 34, 35-36.

Marqués, F. J. (2008) Fluid therapy: general practical recommendations for camelids. Large Animal Veterinary Rounds, 8, 6 pp.

Pentecost, R. L., A. J. Niehaus, N. Werle & J. Lakritz (2015) Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas. Res Vet Sci, 99, 199-203.

Pentecost, R. L., A. J. Niehaus, N. A. Werle & J. Lakritz (2013) Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas. Research in Veterinary Science, 95, 594-599.

Ratto, M. H., C. Ulloa-Leal, M. Silva, A. Fernandez & X. P. Valderrama (2016) Luteotrophic effect of OIF/NGF in llamas. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 24, 101-106.

Rubio-Langre, S., J. J. d. Lucas, N. J. Litterio, S. Aguilar, J. C. Boggio & M. I. S. Andrés (2012) Pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administrations in llamas (Lama glama). Small Ruminant Research, 106, 64-69.

Sansinena, M. J., S. A. Taylor, P. J. Taylor, E. E. Schmidt, R. S. Denniston & R. A. Godke (2007) In vitro production of llama (Lama glama) embryos by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: effect of chemical activation treatments and culture conditions. Animal Reproduction Science, 99, 342-353.

Seddighi, R., S. B. Elliot, B. K. Whitlock, C. M. Egger & T. J. Doherty (2013) Physiologic and antinociceptive effects following intramuscular administration of xylazine hydrochloride in combination with tiletamine-zolazepam in llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74, 530-534.

Sevil, M. B., M. J. Anadon-Baselga, M. T. Frejo, E. Llama & M. A. Capo (1996) Pharmacokinetic analysis of β-aminopropionitrile in rabbits. Veterinary Research, 27, 117-123.

Silva, M., A. Fernández, C. Ulloa-Leal, G. P. Adams, M. A. Berland & M. H. Ratto (2015) LH release and ovulatory response after intramuscular, intravenous, and intrauterine administration of β-nerve growth factor of seminal plasma origin in female llamas. Theriogenology, 84, 1096-1102.

Silva, M., C. Ulloa-Leal, C. Norambuena, A. Fernández, G. P. Adams & M. H. Ratto (2014) Ovulation-inducing factor (OIF/NGF) from seminal plasma origin enhances Corpus Luteum function in llamas regardless the preovulatory follicle diameter. Animal Reproduction Science, 148, 221-227.

Silva, M., C. Ulloa-Leal, X. P. Valderrama, O. A. Bogle, G. P. Adams & M. H. Ratto (2017) Nerve growth factor from seminal plasma origin (spβ-NGF) increases CL vascularization and level of mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes during the early stage of Corpus Luteum development in llamas. Theriogenology, 103, 69-75.

Silva, M., F. Urra, C. Ulloa-Leal & M. H. Ratto (2017) A comparative study of the effects of intramuscular administration of gonadorelin, mating and intrauterine infusion of either raw seminal plasma or seminal plasma purified β-NGF on luteal development in llamas. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 52, 625-631.

Ulloa-Leal, C., O. A. Bogle, G. P. Adams & M. H. Ratto (2014) Luteotrophic effect of ovulation-inducing factor/nerve growth factor present in the seminal plasma of llamas. Theriogenology, 81, 1101-1107.

Waldridge, B. M., S. H. Duran, W. R. Ravis, R. Paxton, T. H. Herdt & D. G. Pugh (2004) Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous selenium in adult llamas. Veterinary Therapeutics, 5, 272-278.

Yamaoka, T. T. & A. Auckburally (2015) The use of rocuronium for ophthalmological surgery in an alpaca. Vet Anaesth Analg, 42, 657-8.

Last Updated: 1.1.2021

Last Updated: 12.01.2020

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