Liver

Anderson, D. E. (1999) Liver disease, metabolism and digestion in llamas and alpacas. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, 6, 163-169.

--- ------ (2004) Comparison of trace mineral concentration in the various lobes of the liver of alpacas and llamas. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3, 162-164.

--------- 2004. Liver disease, metabolism and digestion in llamas and alpacas. 545-554. Bikaner: The Camelid Publishers.

Anderson, D. E., R. Leveille, P. Scrivani & C. Brömel (1998) Performing percutaneous liver biopsy in alpacas and llamas. Veterinary Medicine, 93, 190-195.

Anderson, D. E. & F. Silveira (1999) Effects of percutaneous liver biopsy in alpacas and llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 1423-1425.

Castro, A. N. C., M. D. Ghezzi, M. T. Domínguez, M. C. Lupidio, S. A. Gómez & R. H. Alzola (2009) Conformation and anatomical relations of the liver of llama (Lama glama). Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 38, 108-111.

Foreyt, W. J. & S. Parish (1990) Experimental Infection of Liver Flukes (Fascioloides magna) in a Llama (Lama glama). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 21, 468-470.

Gunsser, I., T. Hänichen & J. Maierl (1999) Liver fluke infection in South American camelids: parasitology, pathology, clinical aspects and therapy. Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere, 27, 187-192.

Jones, M. L. 2013. Liver biopsy. 171-174. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Panuska, C., L. G. Rickard & D. D. Rudolph (2006) Isotype-specific serum IgG responses of llamas (Lama glama) to experimental liver fluke infection. Small Ruminant Research, 61, 195-199.

Ray, A. C., M. J. Murphy, M. D. DuVall & J. C. Reagor (1989) Determination of brodifacoum and bromadiolone residues in rodent and canine liver. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 546-550.

Schaefer, D. L., R. J. Bildfell, P. Long & C. V. Löhr (2012) Characterization of the microanatomy and histopathology of placentas from aborted, stillborn, and normally delivered alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas (Lama glama). Veterinary Pathology, 49, 313-321.

Welles, E. G., D. G. Pugh, J. G. W. Wenzel, B. Waldridge & R. Hanson (1997) Liver biopsy in llamas. Equine Practice, 19, 24-28.

Last Updated: 13.01.2020

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