Respiration
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Cepeda, C. P., C. Navarro & M. O. Celedón (2011) A serological survey of parainfluenza-3 virus in South American camelids from Chile. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 43, 177-179.
Chang, C. D., T. R. Boosinger, P. M. Dowling, E. E. McRae, J. W. Tyler & D. G. Pugh (1993) Nocardiosis in a llama. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5, 631-634.
Chiodi, H. (1971) Comparative study of the blood gas transport in high altitude and sea level Camelidae and goats. Respiration Physiology, 11, 84-93.
Duke, T., C. M. Egger, J. G. Ferguson & M. M. Frketic (1997) Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol infusion in llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 58, 153-156.
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Gentz, E. J., E. G. Pearson, E. D. Lassen, S. P. Snyder & E. Sharpnack (1994) Polycythemia in a llama. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 204, 1490-1492.
Gerros, T. C. & W. C. Stone (1994) What is your diagnosis? [Complete bilateral choanal atresia in a llama]. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 205, 179-180.
Grubb, T. L., J. W. Schlipf, T. W. Riebold, C. K. Cebra, L. Poland, X. Zawadzkas & N. Mailhot (2003) Minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in spontaneously breathing llamas and alpacas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223, 1167-1169.
Hammer, S., M. Gauly & K. H. Bonath. 2001. Medetomidine/ketamine-anaesthesia of llama (Lama glama) under field conditions and its influence on haemodynamics, respiration and metabolism. 267-268. Wageningen: Wageningen Pers.
Herceg, M., I. Huber & V. Gomercic. 1976. Hyaline membranes in the lungs of a newborn llama (Lama glama). 123-125. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
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Kiorpes, A. L., W. A. Lindsay & W. M. Adams (1986) Repair of complete choanal atresia in a llama. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 189, 1169-1171.
Lascola, K. M., A. M. Hoffman, M. R. Mazan & D. Bedenice (2007) Respiratory mechanics in sedated and nonsedated adult llamas. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 68, 676-684.
Ledesma, M. M., A. M. Díaz, C. Barberis, C. Vay, M. A. Manghi, J. Leoni, M. S. Castro & A. Ferrari (2017) Identification of Lama glama as reservoirs for Acinetobacter lwoffii. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 278.
Levine, S. A., W. A. Lindsay & K. A. Beck (1987) The use of a silicone T-tube to treat tracheal stenosis in a llama. Veterinary Surgery, 16, 241-244.
Mama, K. R., A. E. Wagner, D. A. Parker, P. W. Hellyer & J. S. Gaynor (1999) Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in llamas. Veterinary Surgery, 28, 121-125.
Mama, K. R., A. E. Wagner & E. P. Steffey (2001) Circulatory, respiratory and behavioral responses in isoflurane anesthetized llamas. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 28, 12-17.
Mattoon, J. S., T. C. Gerros, J. E. Parker, C. A. Carter & R. M. LaMarche (1997) Upper airway obstruction in a llama caused by aberrant nasopharyngeal bots (Cephenemyia sp.). Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 38, 384-386.
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Miesner, M. D. 2013. Tracheotomy/tracheostomy. 143-146. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
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Moser, L., K. Kegler, C. Precht & P. Zanolari (2019) Bronchioalveolar carcinoma in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos). BMC Veterinary Research, 15, (9 May 2019).
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Robinson, R. M. (1982) Coccidioidomycotic pneumonia in a llama. Southwestern Veterinarian, 34, 176.
Schmidt, N. 2010. What small animal technicians and assistants need to know about small ruminants. 142-145. Gainesville: The North American Veterinary Conference.
Schwalm, A., G. Erhardt, M. Gerken, E. Moors & M. Gauly (2008) Influence of heat stress on thermoregulation and fertility in shorn and unshorn male llamas (Lama glama). Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere, 36, 324-328.
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Seddighi, R., S. B. Elliot, B. K. Whitlock, C. M. Egger & T. J. Doherty (2014) Antinociceptive and selected physiological effects of morphine and xylazine on tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in llamas. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 41, 365-371.
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Williams, J. R., J. F. Evermann, R. F. Beede, E. S. Scott, P. M. Dilbeck, C. A. Whetstone & D. M. Stone (1991) Association of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in a llama with bronchopneumonia. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 3, 258-260.
Last Updated: 13.01.2022
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