Toxoplasma

Clinical and Serologic Evaluation of Two Llamas (Lama glama) Infected with Toxoplasma gondii during Gestation on JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3285721?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents 

Inhibition of the Myotoxicity Induced by Bothrops jararacussu Venom and Isolated Phospholipases A2 by Specific Camelid Single-Domain Antibody Fragm. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028872 

Mechanisms of Ricin Toxin Neutralization Revealed through Engineered Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Camelid Antibodies. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26396190 

Structural insight in the inhibition of adherence of F4 fimbriae producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by llama single domain antibodies. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828907

Suspect copper toxicity in an alpaca. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1476646/pdf/canvetj00007-0072.pdf

Albini, S., I. Brodard, A. Jaussi, N. Wollschlaeger, J. Frey, R. Miserez & C. Abril (2008) Real-time multiplex PCR assays for reliable detection of Clostridium perfringens toxin genes in animal isolates. Veterinary Microbiology, 127, 179-185.

Andersen, K. K., N. M. Strokappe, A. Hultberg, K. Truusalu, I. Smidt, R. H. Mikelsaar, M. Mikelsaar, T. Verrips, L. Hammarström & H. Marcotte (2015) Neutralization of Clostridium difficile Toxin B Mediated by Engineered Lactobacilli That Produce Single-Domain Antibodies. Infect Immun, 84, 395-406.

Bártová, E., K. Kobédová, J. Lamka, R. Kotrba, R. Vodička & K. Sedlák (2017) Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in exotic ruminants and camelids in the Czech Republic. Parasitology Research, 116, 1925-1929.

Bentancor, A. B., P. Halperin, M. Flores & F. Iribarren (2009) Antibody response to the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens following vaccination of Lama glama crias. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 3, 624-627.

Burneo, J. J. D. L., M. L. D. V. Ruiz, M. A. Capo Marti & E. F. Llama Hurtado (1987) Study of the N-methylpiperidine derivative as a therapeutic agent in the convulsive manifestations of Cistus ladaniferus intoxication. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire, 138, 971-973.

Chang H, K., A. Chávez V, O. Li E, N. Falcón P, E. Casas A & G. Casas V (2009) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in female llamas of the central highlands of Peru. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (RIVEP), 20, 306-311.

Chávez-Velásquez, A., A. Aguado-Martínez, L. M. Ortega-Mora, E. Casas-Astos, E. Serrano-Martínez, G. Casas-Velásquez, J. A. Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria & G. Álvarez-García (2014) Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seroprevalences in domestic South American camelids of the Peruvian Andes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 46, 1141-1147.

Chávez-Velásquez, A., G. Álvarez-García, M. Gómez-Bautista, E. Casas-Astos, E. Serrano-Martínez & L. M. Ortega-Mora (2005) Toxoplasma gondii infection in adult llamas (Lama glama) and vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) in the Peruvian Andean region. Veterinary Parasitology, 130, 93-97.

Conway, J. O., L. J. Sherwood, M. T. Collazo, J. A. Garza & A. Hayhurst (2010) Llama single domain antibodies specific for the 7 botulinum neurotoxin serotypes as heptaplex immunoreagents. PLoS ONE, e8818.

Coulton, M. A., A. J. Dart, S. A. McClintock & D. R. Hodgson (1997) Sporodesmin toxicosis in an alpaca. Australian Veterinary Journal, 75, 136-137.

Dubey, J. P., T. K. Newell, S. K. Verma, R. Calero-Bernal & E. L. Stevens (2014) Toxoplasma gondii infection in Llama (Llama glama): acute visceral disseminated lesions, diagnosis, and development of tissue cysts. Journal of Parasitology, 100, 288-294.

--- (2016) Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Llama (Llama glama): Acute Visceral Disseminated Lesions, Diagnosis, and Development of Tissue Cysts. Journal of parasitology.

Dubey, J. P., L. G. Rickard, G. L. Zimmerman & D. M. Mulrooney (1992) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in llamas (Lama glama) in the northwest USA. Veterinary Parasitology, 44, 295-298.

Ellis, R. P., A. Ramirez, R. J. Todd, L. Phillips, T. McConnell, M. Fowler, R. Walker & E. Hoffman. 1990. An overview of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxemia in alpacas and llamas. 2-3. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine.

Featherstone, C. A., A. P. Foster, S. A. Chappell, T. Carson & G. C. Pritchard (2011) Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in camelids. Veterinary Record, 168, 194-195.

Garmory, H. S., N. Chanter, N. P. French, D. Bueschel, J. G. Songer & R. W. Titball (2000) Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens β2-toxin amongst animals, determined using genotyping and subtyping PCR assays. Epidemiology and Infection, 124, 61-67.

Geoghegan, E. M., H. Zhang, P. J. Desai, A. Biragyn & R. B. Markham (2015) Antiviral activity of a single-domain antibody immunotoxin binding to glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus 2. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 59, 527-535.

Goldman, E. R., G. P. Anderson, J. Conway, L. J. Sherwood, M. Fech, B. H. Vo, J. L. Liu & A. Hayhurst (2008) Thermostable llama single domain antibodies for detection of botulinum A neurotoxin complex. Analytical Chemistry (Washington), 80, 8583-8591.

Gorman, T., J. P. Arancibia, M. Lorca, D. Hird & H. Alcaino (1999) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and alpacas (Llama pacos) in Chile. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 40, 143-149.

Herrera, C., J. M. Tremblay, C. B. Shoemaker & N. J. C.-P. D.-N. D.-j. M. Mantis (2015) Mechanisms of Ricin Toxin Neutralization Revealed through Engineered Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Camelid Antibodies. J Biol Chem, 290, 27880-9 ST  - Mechanisms of Ricin Toxin Neutralization Revealed through Engineered Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Camelid Antibodies.

Herrid, M., M. Billah & J. A. Skidmore (2017) Successful pregnancies from vitrified embryos in the dromedary camel: avoidance of a possible toxic effect of sucrose on embryos. Animal Reproduction Science, 187, 116-123.

Holmes, L. A., N. W. Frame, R. K. Frame, J. P. Duff & G. C. Lewis (1999) Suspected tremorgenic mycotoxicosis (ryegrass staggers) in alpacas (Llama pacos) in the UK. Veterinary Record, 145, 462-463.

Hutchison, J., M. Salman, F. Garry, L. Johnson, T. Keefe & R. Ellis (1997) Evaluation of factors affecting the response of llamas to vaccination with Clostridium perfringens C toxoid. Épidémiologie et Santé Animale, 08.06.1-08.06.2.

Jarvinen, J. A., J. P. Dubey & G. C. Althouse (1999) Clinical and Serologic Evaluation of Two Llamas (Lama glama) Infected with Toxoplasma gondii during Gestation. The Journal of Parasitology, 85, 142-144.

Kotorri, S., K. Korro, R. Bakiu, P. Muhedini & B. Gora (2016) Enterotoxemia in Albanian zoo-Park llama (Lama glama): Clostridium perfringens-type C was the causative agent. Journal of International Environmental Application & Science, 11, 42-46.

Kozikowski, T. A., K. G. Magdesian & B. Puschner (2009) Oleander intoxication in New World camelids: 12 cases (1995-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 235, 305-310.

Loayza M, E., E. Casas A, A. Chávez V, L. Coronado S & C. Venturini De Arana (2011) Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii in female llamas from two peasant communities in Puno. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (RIVEP), 22, 239-243.

Luiz, M. B., S. S. Pereira, N. D. R. Prado, N. R. Gonçalves, A. M. Kayano, L. S. Moreira-Dill, J. C. Sobrinho, F. B. Zanchi, A. L. Fuly, C. F. Fernandes, J. P. Zuliani, A. M. Soares, R. G. Stabeli & C. F. C. Fernandes (2018) Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies (VHHs) against Crotoxin: A Basis for Developing Modular Building Blocks for the Enhancement of Treatment or Diagnosis of Crotalic Envenoming. Toxins (Basel), 10.

Mercado, E., S. RodrÃguez, A. Elizondo, G. Marcoppido & V. Parreño (2004) Isolation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from a South American camelid (Lama guanicoe) with diarrhea. Journal of clinical microbiology, 42, 4809-4811.

Moonens, K., I. v. d. Broeck, E. Okello, E. Pardon, M. d. Kerpel, H. Remaut & H. d. Greve (2015) Structural insight in the inhibition of adherence of F4 fimbriae producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by llama single domain antibodies. Veterinary Research, 46, (24 February 2015).

Moonens, K., I. Van den Broeck, E. Okello, E. Pardon, M. De Kerpel, H. Remaut & H. De Greve (2016) Structural insight in the inhibition of adherence of F4 fimbriae producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by llama single domain antibodies. Veterinary research.

Moré, G., L. Pardini, W. Basso, R. Marín, D. Bacigalupe, G. Auad, L. Venturini & M. C. Venturini (2008) Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis sp. in llamas (Lama glama) from Jujuy, Argentina. Veterinary Parasitology, 155, 158-160.

Nie, Y., S. Li, J. Zhu, R. Hu, M. Liu, T. He & Y. Yang (2018) Chemical shift assignments of a camelid nanobody against aflatoxin B. Biomol NMR Assign.

Palazzo, L., V. Quaranta, B. Brigante, S. Nesta, M. Vignola, M. N. Haouet & M. Muscarella. 2013. Metolcarb intoxication in Tibetan goats (Capra hircus domestica) and llama (Lama glama) of a park zoo [Conference poster]. 399-400. Parma: Società Italiana di Diagnostica di Laboratorio Veterinaria (SIDiLV).

Parisien, A. 2009. Over-expression in Escherichia coli of the ToxA5.1 llama single domain antibody targeting Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A.

Parisien, A. 2010. Surexpression chez Escherichia coli de l'anticorps à domaine simple ToxA5.1 provenant du lama et ayant pour cible l'entérotoxine A produite par Clostridium difficile = Over-expression in Escherichia coli of the ToxA5.1 llama single domain antibody targeting Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A. Ottawa.

Patitucci, A. N., M. J. Pérez, G. Barril, C. M. Cárcamo & A. Muñoz (2006) Serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in llamas and alpacas from Chile. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 38, 179-182.

Paul-Murphy, J., L. J. Gershwin, E. F. Thatcher, M. E. Fowler & W. H. Habig (1989) Immune response of the llama (Lama glama) to tetanus toxoid vaccination. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 1279-1281.

Pearson, E. G., A. M. Craig & E. D. Lassen (1986) Suspected chlorpyrifos toxicosis in a llama, and plasma pseudocholinesterase activity in llamas given chlorpyrifos. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 189, 1062-1064.

Perosino, M., C. Grattarola, M. C. Abete, A. Dondo, I. Giorgi & S. Zoppi. 2013. Metolcarb intoxication in Tibetan goats (Capra hircus domestica) and llama (Lama glama) of a park zoo [Conference poster]. 401-402. Parma: Società Italiana di Diagnostica di Laboratorio Veterinaria (SIDiLV).

Prado, N. D., S. S. Pereira, M. P. da Silva, M. S. Morais, A. M. Kayano, L. S. Moreira-Dill, M. B. Luiz, F. B. Zanchi, A. L. Fuly, M. E. Huacca, C. F. Fernandes, L. A. Calderon, J. P. Zuliani, L. H. Pereira da Silva, A. M. Soares & R. G. Stabeli (2016) Inhibition of the Myotoxicity Induced by Bothrops jararacussu Venom and Isolated Phospholipases A2 by Specific Camelid Single-Domain Antibody Fragments. PLoS One, 11, e0151363.

Read, M. R., T. Duke & A. R. Toews (2000) Suspected tolazoline toxicosis in a llama. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 216, 227-229.

Riemann, H. P., D. E. Behymer, M. E. Fowler, T. Schulz, A. Lock, J. G. Orthoefer, S. Silverman & C. E. Franti (1974) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in captive exotic mammals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 165, 798-800.

Seixas, J. N., D. R. Orlando, F. Wouters, A. T. B. Wouters, M. S. Varaschin & D. L. Raymundo (2017) Pathological aspects of diminazene aceturate toxicosis in American camelids. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 37, 1509-1513.

Serrano-Martínez, E., E. Collantes-Fernández, A. Chávez-Velásquez, A. Rodríguez-Bertos, E. Casas-Astos, V. Risco-Castillo, R. Rosadio-Alcantara & L. M. Ortega-Mora (2007) Evaluation of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and llama (Lama glama) aborted foetuses from Peru. Veterinary Parasitology, 150, 39-45.

Stewart, C. S. 2007. Selection and characterization of alpha-cobrotoxin specific llama single-domain antibodies. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada.

Turner, K. B., D. Zabetakis, P. Legler, E. R. Goldman & G. P. Anderson (2014) Isolation and epitope mapping of staphylococcal enterotoxin B single-domain antibodies. Sensors, 14, 10846-10863.

Valdivia, A. G., A. Martínez, F. J. Damián, T. Quezada, R. Ortíz, C. Martínez, J. Llamas, M. L. Rodríguez, L. Yamamoto, F. Jaramillo, M. G. Loarca-Piña & J. L. Reyes (2001) Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine to reduce the effects of aflatoxin B1 intoxication in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 80, 727-734.

Virdi, V., A. Coddens, S. d. Buck, S. Millet, B. M. Goddeeris, E. Cox, H. d. Greve & A. Depicker (2013) Orally fed seeds producing designer IgAs protect weaned piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 11809-11814.

Wolf, D., G. Schares, O. Cardenas, W. Huanca, A. Cordero, A. Bärwald, F. J. Conraths, M. Gauly, H. Zahner & C. Bauer (2005) Detection of specific antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected alpacas (Lama pacos), llamas (Lama glama) and vicuñas (Lama vicugna) from Peru and Germany. Veterinary Parasitology, 130, 81-87.

Yao, G., K. Lam, J. Weisemann, L. Peng, N. Krez, K. Perry, C. B. Shoemaker, M. Dong, A. Rummel & R. Jin (2017) A camelid single-domain antibody neutralizes botulinum neurotoxin A by blocking host receptor binding. Scientific Reports, 7, 7438.

Last Updated: 13.01.2020

© Copyright Hill View Llamas, Frodsham